Human Rights and Present Human Freedom

Opportunity is an idea that alludes to numerous parts of human life. I accept that is characterized as the capacity that individuals need to do or not something, and do it in a way or another. I additionally accept that is conceivable to comprehend opportunity as that state in which a man isn't being detained or subjugated by another; it is an idea that alludes to all viewpoints identified with autonomy. This idea is something that has made us think from various perspectives, in light of the fact that multiple occasions, the do what we need, can take us to an inappropriate way, which may wind up causing us to lose it.Since the start of man to the current human opportunity has assumed a significant job in it however not how we would have preferred to recollect. An extraordinary model was Egypt; there existed on the banks of the Nile an outrageous measure of slaves that added to the making of the equivalent. What I mean is that human opportunity has been leaving an imprint solid all th rough man's presence however mistakenly in light of the fact that it isn't portrayed by its abundance, in actuality, is described by its absence.Slavery isn't an account of the past, the facts demonstrate that it was polished all the more oftentimes in it yet even in our occasions can be discovered slaves, this servitude can be acknowledged or not, for the slave. There are a few sorts of opportunity, among which are the opportunity of articulation, that is situated in that each person has the option to free discourse, this is a correct that I accept that we are no one but ones can make the most of it since we are mindful to discover methods of how we need to express.Also, opportunity of assessment that says that we live in a fair world so we reserve the option to offer our thoughts, whether or not it is our view and we are allowed to make it known; opportunity of love which depends on that we as a whole originate from a family with strict convictions that we gain from adolescence, a nd society instructs us that there are a lot more religions that we need to acknowledge similarly, and that every individual has the opportunity to pick and safeguard their beliefs.The opportunity of decision every individual needs to pick openly what they need without having anything to stop them doing that and the most recent, opportunity of choice which expresses that every individual is the main capable who can choose what does or doesn't do with his life.As Charles Evans Hughes stated, â€Å"When we lose the option to appear as something else, we lose the benefit to be free†. Opportunity is an instrument twofold edged, intends to do what you need, while not against human instinct; to manage this opportunity there are laws, which are the principles from the request is brought into the world so nobody hasâ more opportunity than other, and no one imagines that their opportunity is more important than another. It is twofold edged in light of the fact that this is a similar snare that ought not get away, and being a runaway opportunity implies being taken prisoner in servitude, there is his snare, care opportunity makes all of us detainees of the subjugation of be free, however this presents to us the capacity to think, talk, hear and do it unafraid of being punished, rebuffed or exterminated.Any other subjection, donâ't. I accept that opportunity as a rule is the absence of restriction for activity. This has been available for a considerable length of time on the planet, where it has been significant. From my perspective, the best quality of being free is that we generally have the choice last us. We can choose and be allowed to do what we need or what we need it or not oblige.

Descriptive Essay: Chelsea Park Happiest Place on Earth Essay

Last Christmas, I burned through 5 thrilling days and 4 supernatural evenings in Disneyland. Every day climate in Anaheim was delightful. The carport prompting the recreation center passageway was fixed with tall palm trees as they extended to the sky in the bursting daylight. Everyone’s face shone with delight and the youngsters shook their parent’s hands from side to side shouting cheerfully. The sweet smell of soft cotton-candy stimulated my nose as I entered the recreation center. â€Å"Ooooh!Ahhhhh!† The calls of delight and hints of machines buzzing never appeared to stop. Despite the fact that there was loads of holding up with perpetual long queues, chuckling was consistently noticeable all around and they appeared to be content. A tremendous Mickey’s Fun Wheel leaped out at me right when I strolled into the California Park. The bright blossoms set nearby a lovely tidal pond. The clasp clop of pony moved carriages took individuals back to cheerful days. What's more, obviously, I always remember the main motivation for going to Disneyland †the rides. There was various eye-getting minutes here-some including extraordinary animals, and white knuckle thrill rides through the reasonable sky. â€Å"Wooooshhhhh!!!† At take off, California Screamin, took us through exciting bends in the road, with a topsy turvy circle. Individuals were shouting their lungs out when the steel thrill ride took off into the air like a rocket. The unnerving rate made my toes twist and the solid breeze pushed my head against the elastic dark seat. I screamed hysterically on the liner as it fell plumb down practically contacting the ground. Very soon, it was finished. After I got off of the rush ride, I discovered my fatigued look with rumpled hair through a depiction picture. This is just too terrible to even think about contemplating. Besides, Adventure-land was fascinating tropical land blended in with palm trees, lavish bamboo wall, lights, rock developments, straw-covered rooftops and a phony wilderness waterway. Peruse Also: Topic for Descriptive Essay Particularly, Indiana Jones’ was an exceptional and practical ride as we crossed a flimsy extension, passed pool of flaring magma, and avoided a tremendous tumbling stone. The truck was the real one utilized in the scene where Indy is hauled underneath during a rapid interest, which was extremely exciting for me. While the night sun warmed the old red block shops to a brilliant gleam, individuals were assembling in lines to watch the procession. A blissful motorcade highlighted famous characters from Disney motion pictures, walking groups, artists, and Santa Claus exploring through Main Street, each recounting theirâ own melodic story. It was brimming with special rhythms and instruments. Yet, the most pleasurable experience of the night was the magnificent firecrackers appear. The night sky was on fire with an astounding firecrackers show. It really was meriting being extraordinary. Around evening time the entire region lit up and the sights and sounds were just magnificent! Disneyland was not only a recreation center with different attractions inside; it had made a totally new world for guests to fall into. It carried me into the awesome world and caught the creative mind of each youngster, and even every grown-up. Visiting Disneyland was the best experience ever for me. The outing has left such chasing recollections of the great occasions that I never get over aching to return again! Bag Lady I appreciated perusing Christie McLaren’s paper â€Å"Suitcase Lady†, in which she portrayed Vicomtesses’ life utilizing faculties of sight, sound, smell, and contact to pass on progressively clear inclination. From the outset when I read the title â€Å"Suitcase Lady† I envisioned the tale about free soul explorer who likes to go far and wide. In any case, I understood that it was entirely unexpected with my idea. The creator begins with miserable story utilized words, for example, blurred, unforgiving, worn out hack, and dried out to assist better with comprehension of the circumstance of the woman who is regular pursuing her own fight for endurance. This exposition set off my feeling towards truth of destitute who lamentably never find the opportunity to live agreeable. The statement â€Å"I bum in the city. I don’t like it, however I need to survive† shows the destitute living as allowed the chance to live. â€Å"Her bag is loaded with dream† inferred that her bag is brimming with lady’s wishes of a superior life. The poor woman thinks enthusiastically about the youthful, the old, and the ones who endure. In any case, nobody truly feels for the sort of cruel real factors. Her plan of action presently is just God since it is considerably harder to anticipate the help from the administration. Through the article, the writer calls attention to the issue of vagrancy in Toronto, Canada. From various perspectives, vagrancy speaks to a social issue. I figure they should be taken care of from our consideration and backing as opposed to deciding with our generalization towards them.

9 Books That Are a Call to Action Against Rape Culture

9 Books That Are a Call to Action Against Rape Culture (Image by Chase Carter, via Flickr) I dont know why it  took me so damn long to read Rebecca Solnits  Men Explain Things to Me.  As someone who writes about female sexuality, consent, and rape culture for a living, Solnits book should have been considered  required reading. Becauseâ€"though the book as a whole is about the gender wars in generalâ€"the two pieces that  really  donkey-kicked me in the gut were the ones that tackled domestic violence and sexual assault. In The Longest War, Solnit writes that every three years, the death toll from domestic violence tops 9/11s casualties, though no one declares war on this particular kind of terror. In #YesAllWomen, Solnit writes about the changing conversation around rape culture, and on how womens voices are growing louder, and their experiences more visible. Reading this slim collection was like hearing a rallying cry, and I knew it should be required reading not just for me, but for all men and women. But beyond Solnits book, what else should be on the curriculum? Unspeakable Things  by Laurie Penny I first discovered Pennys work by going down a rabbit hole of brilliance revealed in Molly Crabapples  Drawing Blood. In  Unspeakable Things,  Penny presents a raw, ranting manifesta on gender and power, including the prevalence of sexual violence. Missoula  by  Jon Krakauer I eat up every single thing Krakauer writes, but this one was hard to get through. About a series of sexual assaults at the University of Montana and the long slog toward possible justice,  Missoula  is relentless in its hopelessness, and places a spotlight on the impotence  of  our justice system. Valerie wrote a great roundup of related reads just last year. Bad Feminist  by Roxane Gay Gays collection is about many things, including race and pop culture and even competitive scrabble. But there is also much to read here about gender and femininity, safety and sexual violence. Gay is brilliant about all of it, bringing her sharp eye and her quiet humor and a sense of solid matter-of-factness to everything she explores. Yes Means Yes!  edited  by Jaclyn Friedman and Jessica Valenti Jaclyn Friedman is a writer, speaker, and activist. Jessica Valenti is the woman behind Feministing. Together, they present an anthology that unpacks issues of rape culture and explores the shift in consent education from no means no to yes means yes. Asking for It  by Louise ONeill Recently published,  Asking for It  is  a YA novel that tackles head-on a young girls rape, the public shaming she has to endure afterward, and the effects this has on her as a woman. Its good to see more and more works of YA refusing to flinch in the face of an issue that is sadly common. Asking for It  by Kate Harding It carries the same title, but this version of  Asking for It  is actually a nonfiction exploration of rape culture that combines in-depth research and reportage. We Should All Be Feminists  by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie I read this one after falling in love with Adichies  Americanah  (which I could rave about in a post all its own). In this extended essay adapted from  a TEDx talk about feminism, Adichie tackles the many reasons we should well, all be feminists obviously, giving a glimpse of the sexual violence that has occurred in  Nigeria, showing the universality of the ever-enduring  war on women. Luckiest Girl Alive  by Jessica Knoll The protagonist of this novel has been the victim of a gang rape. The reader follows her attempts to rise above and past this traumatizing incidents personal repercussions. It is only recently that Knoll revealed just how much this story grew out of her own personal experience. Her heart-wrenching personal essay on Lenny Letterâ€"in which she comes out as a victim of sexual assaultâ€"had me in tears. For more fiction that tackles issues of sexual assault, read this roundup Nicole wrote last year. April was Sexual Assault Awareness Month. It is now May. This topic is evergreen. It continues to be worth our while to amplify the voices that shout out against rape culture and then, perhaps, to add our own.

Horrible Experience of The Vietnam War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1502 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Vietnam War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The novel of The Things They Carried is comparable to the real-life experience of Roger Donlon in the Vietnam War. On the Rainy River is a short story the author never tells because he is too embarrassed. It makes him look like a coward. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Horrible Experience of The Vietnam War" essay for you Create order The main characters name is Tim OBrien. The only war he participates is in the Vietnam War. He did not agree with this war because he did not have a choice due to being draft. Conversely, Roger Donlon is a veteran who experiences the Vietnam War and survives. However, he is not forcing to be in the war because he volunteers to serve the military. Both OBriens novel and Donlons account of the war mention how they survived the horrible experiences. They have to live with the thought of seeing their comrades die. They will try to help out every comrade they can to save their lives. However, there are comrades that did not seem to make it. Tim OBrien losses so many friends but still keeps fighting for his life and his soldiers. Going to war should be an option, not an order. Everyone should be able to decide. The Thing They Carried is about Tim OBrien experience with his fellow soldiers in the Vietnam War. On the Rainy River begins when he states that he never told his story to anyone. He says, This is one story Ive never told before. Not to anyone. Not to my parents, not to my brother or sister, not to my wife (OBrien 37). He is too embarrassed because he thinks people are going to consider him as a coward. OBrien is part of the Vietnam War; however, he did not choose to be there. He is only twenty-one years old when he begins the war. He says, I was too good for this war. Too smart, too compassionate, too everything (OBrien 39). OBrien also hates seeing blood. He desires to do something else and he did not want to experience the feeling of seeing dead soldiers. He did not want to think that any of his best comrades die. OBrien will complain, I had the world dicked-Phi Beta Kappa and summa cum laude and president of the student body and a full-ride scholarship for grade studies at Harvar d (OBrien 39). OBrien hates being a soldier and he could not stand the dirt nor the boys scouts. When he gets his draft letter, he thinks there should be a law where they have the ability to decide if they want to be in the war or not. Conversely, Roger Donlons dream is to be a pilot, but he had problems with his eyes. Later, him and his brother volunteer for the military. Donlon is chosen to be the leader of the Vietnam War. During this war, he finds out he is the leader of twelve men of a special force near the Nam Dong. Donlon did not want any errors, he makes sure all his men are preparing to fight in the war. Donlon and his men are defending the post. Meanwhile, they get attacked while protecting the post. However, Donlon manages too survived the war. Throughout the terrifying experience, Donlon helps all his injured comrades and brings them to a safe place. During this war, he watches his friend John die in pain. He is able to kill three of his enemies and keeps going on with a mission (Ross). Donlon says, I paused, mentally at least. God, why John? Why not me? (Ross) He still could not believe his friend died in front of him. He questions why God let him die, why could he not just save his life as he saves t he other soldiers? Despite his injuries, he still keeps fighting until the war finishes. The United States aircraft drop flares and helps to bring the battle to an end. Donlon says, You killed the enemy because of the love you had for the man next to you ¦ The most powerful emotion on Earth is love (Ross). He will kill anyone who makes his loves one surf. Love is stronger than hate; it can defeat anything and make the person have the energy to get revenge towards their loved ones. Furthermore, Donlon and OBrien are both parts of the Vietnam war. However, they both have different dreams before entering the Vietnam War. In the novel, OBrien writes I was drafted to fight a War I hated. I was twenty-one years old. Young, yes, and politically naive, but even so the American War in Vietnam seemed to be wrong (OBrien 38). In the article about Donlon, he says he Wanted to serve in the Air Force, but he ultimately couldnt serve as a pilot because of a problem with his eyes. ( Ross) Throughout the war, they both lose comrades. However, they both keep fighting and do not care about the wounds. They are strong soldiers who will give their lives for their comrades. They are not afraid to die. They both care for their soldiers. They will see their soldiers die and will want revenge. They both have a family and they know that the family that is waiting for them at home. Their family knows they will either be back or not. Meanwhile, they fight to defend their comrades they try to hide. After the war, they will have a story to tell and how it will end. They will regret not being able to help some of their comrades out just as they cure their comrades wound and save their lifes. They both have the feeling of not being able to help out the one soldier they mostly care about. They will tell or write about their experience of the war. They both are not proud to say how many men they lose. However, they are both proud that they are able to make it alive. However, many of their comrades did not seem to make it. Moreover, these soldiers have many differences. Yes, they both experience war but they both have different feelings about it. Roger Donlon wants to be part of a war, so he volunteers in the military. Conversely, OBriens story is different, since he is drafted into the war. He did not have a choice; however, he says in the novel all the reasons why he hates the war: I saw no unity of purpose, no consensus on matters of philosophy or history of law (OBrien 38). He did not find any purpose in this war. OBrien has different dreams for himself, he never imagines being chosen to be in war. Roger Donlon wins a medal for being part of the war and for defending his team. He wins first place for the Special Forces. Meanwhile, OBrien and his leader Jimmy still could not get over losing a soldier (comrade). During the novel, it talks about his life. Everyone he meets he tells them about his experience in war. However, his wife and kids are tired of listening to him talk about the war. OBrien see ms to hate being part of the war. However, Donlon passion is serving for the war. Serving for his countries is his dream. That is why he volunteered in the military, so they could prepare him for the war. Indeed, Roger Donlon fought through the war no matter how injured he is. He covers his wounds with anything he finds. However, Donlon does not have kids or family members waiting for him. Meanwhile, his comrade John who die during the war has kids and a wife. They are waiting for him to come back him but sadly he did not make it. He will question himself why his friend John had to die. He should be the one in his place. Furthermore, OBrien is so young when he begins the war. The only people that are expecting him at home are his family. During the time, OBrien did not have kids or a wife. Lastly, the main characters are both involved in the Vietnam War. The feeling of both soldiers seeing their comrade die right in front of their face. OBrien hates thinking about war or anything that has to do with it. Thus, Roger Donlon did not have the same thoughts as OBrien. He did want to be part of a war. He is not trying to lose a soldier or have to give bad news to their family members. The soldiers did their best to help out their people in the war. They would give their lives just to help other soldiers out. They are not thinking about themselves. The novel and article both show how the character did all they could to win the war. They are both strong soldiers who manage to defeat their enemy at war. These soldiers both have a huge experience in war and have a story to tell. They will never know when they will have to serve for their country again. However, OBrien does not want to be in another war again.

Cultural and Linguistic Differentiations - 1419 Words

We are living in a period were trade is becoming more global by the day. Taxes and economic barriers seem to be like symptoms - from a disease - that fade away, as time goes by. The ability of fast communication between people and places has boosted many companies to expand in other countries. Yet, cultural and linguistic differentiations are the most sustainable features companies need to take under consideration, in a strategic planning of setting up abroad. A firm needs to become progressively more aware of the foreign cultures when aiming in a successful future in an international business environment. Attitudes towards work and material possessions, entrepreneurship, willingness to accept risk, politics, religion, customs, the role of†¦show more content†¦Efficient communication can be achieved in a bargain. Thus, all imminent problems can be solved and give great potentials for a successful interaction in the future. Avoidance of interpreting other peoples behavior according to our own culture can be quite useful. Openness and plain speaking is the norm in Western Europe and North America but not in the Far East - where it may be considered extremely impolite to disagree with a stranger -. Several times problems have been reported with Westerners believing that they have successfully negotiated a deal where as in fact the other side has no intention of confirming the bargain. When people are interacting in a cross-cultural environment, sharp differences can be observed in terms of what postures are taken and what their meaning is. For example, an English professor of poetry was relaxing during his lecture at Ain Shams University in Cairo. As he was trying to explain the poem with the best way he could to his students, he leaned back in his chair and so revealed the sole of his foot to an astonished class. According to the Muslin culture that kind of gesture is the worst kind of insult. Cairos newspaper the next day carried banned head lines about the student demonstration, which resulted and they impeached the British arrogance and demanded that the professor should be sent back in the United Kingdom. An inappropriate gesture may have a catastrophic effect on a deal.Sh ow MoreRelatedThe Causes of Semantic Change1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe causes of semantic changes In comparison with classifications of semantic change the problem of their causes appears neglected. Opinions on this point are scattered through a great number of linguistic works and have apparently never -been collected into anything complete. And yet a thorough understanding of the phenomena involved .in semantic change is impossible unless the whys and wherefores become known. This is of primary importance as it may lead eventually to a clearer, interpretationRead MoreIntercultural Communication798 Words   |  4 Pagesglobalization, opportunities of intercultural communication become more common to individuals’ everyday life. Thus, it is of vital importance that people understand linguistic relativity and language ideologies in order to avoid misunderstandings and achieve effective intercultural communication. First of all, understanding linguistic relativity encourages people to pay attention to differences between various languages. How people perceive and experience the world around them can be influenced byRead MoreSexuality And Gender Identification : A Perspective Point Of View855 Words   |  4 Pagessexuality and feminism. Finally, the article conducted by, Keith Reader, explains different ways to exemplify â€Å"self† identification in regards to gender identity. Beginning with Chapter Twenty-two Silverman elaborates Lacan’s theory regarding semiotic linguistics and anthropology. In Chapter Twenty-two Silverman examines the delivery of Jacques Lacan’s theories, which mirror those of Freud. Lacan extends the works of Freud, â€Å"retaliating the works of Saussure and Levi-Strauss† (Silverman, 1999). FurthermoreRead MoreCultural Perceptions of Intelligence in Japanese and American Indian Societies1300 Words   |  6 Pagesculture into a small section of intelligence while leaving out the cultural focus. Our daily behavior has influence over our intelligence, and our daily behavior is based around the culture in which we are raised (Sternberg Grigorenko, 2004). This is the beauty of the cultural context. It allows culture to be incorporated as a major influence in intellectual development (Sternberg Grigorenko, 2004 pp. 369). The idea of cultural context allows perspective to be placed on the subject of intelligenceRead MoreIep Reflection Paper1092 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral components that we need to search and be mindful of in our preparation and teaching. Educators must explore the framework and recognize what they are already utilizing in the classroom and why these components are needed for supporting differentiation. These components are necessary and we must work constantly on all of them so that all students obtain what is necessary in learning and communicating (Gregory, 2008). The six-column frameworks are, 1) Climate, 2) Knowing the learner, 3) AssessingRead MoreThe Body Of Literature On Performance Management Control Systems941 Words   |  4 Pagesculture is composed of patterned and interrelated traditions, which are transmitted over time and space by non-biological mechanisms based on man’s uniquely developed linguistic and non-linguistic symbolizing capabilities. As explained by Hofstede (1984), culture is not genetic, but instead is a learned characteristic. Even thought, cultural traits could be learned differently from one country to another, the differences in national patterns tend to be very stable over time. One of the most mentionedRead MoreExplain What Is Meant by Cultural Deprivation and How It May Affect Achievement?892 Words   |  4 PagesExplain what is meant by cultural deprivation and how it may affect achievement? Cultural deprivation can be explained by a whole branch of sources for example Basil Bernstein’s speech code is one; the speech code consists of the elaborated and restricted code. The elaborated code is the middle class’ respected code whereas the restricted code is the working class’ simple non educated way of speech. These linguistic codes were said to be correlated with class differences in family organization,  powerRead MoreThe Discover Assessment Curriculum Development Model1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthe progress of students with gifts and talents. (PARTIALLY MET) DISCOVER prefers pre-based assessment over post-assessment. The pre-assessment is administered by trained observers who offer various tests based on spatial, logical-mathematical, linguistic, and interpersonal skills (Maker, 2009, p. 259). These certified observers analyze each activity depending upon grade level and give the results the teachers. The teachers monitor the students through observation, development of portfolios, andRead MoreLanguage And Cultural Identity1053 Words   |  5 Pagesinter-generationally trans-mitted nor associated with any particular geographical region. This perhaps echoes Epstein’s (1998) notion of ‘bricolage’, which refers to the intricate repertoire of cultural elements, among members of young subcultures, which enables them to establish a distinctive identity. The linguistic dimension of this ‘bricolage’ is likely to be an important one. This is evidenced by the notion that outgroup members may gain entry or membe rship in the subcultural group through appropriationRead MoreInclusivity Of All Students Is Essential For Effective Teaching And Learning923 Words   |  4 Pageseffective teaching and learning. There is not a ‘One size fits all’ approach to learning. Therefore understanding students and how they learn is paramount for equity for all students. This essay will demonstrate how inclusion, diversity of learners, differentiation of lessons together with ethical and legal responsibilities for teachers and professional conduct, all align together to provide an inclusive, safe classroom for all students regardless of ability. Classrooms display a range of diverse students

Order No Free Essays

Blacks only migrated to the United States. You find that most a times, the black usually move to the united states in search of increased standards of living say education and jobs. Most of the immigrants to the United States are blacks. We will write a custom essay sample on Order No or any similar topic only for you Order Now Racism is one of the central features in the united states society since blacks and other people of colour are have discriminated so much in many fields. You find that most of the blacks and even the black Americans are usually discriminated on their race. For example in the areas of employment, blacks are usually seen as unproductive and hence discriminated in these areas. Its argued that most of Its forms have recently   changed but, in this case   we only need to look no further than the rates in unemployment which black people normally face, the rising levels of property by the blacks as when compared to the citizens of that country and, life expectancy rates, incomes as when compared to the citizens of that country and the stereotypes in the mass media   in order   to understand that racism and racial inequality still remains in the united states. (Allport, 2003). The value of racism that is examined in this case is that historically we find that racism can be analyzed as a central aspect of most of the economic system. In this case I can examine the Marxist theory which says that racism is supposed to only serve the capitalists or even the wealthy in the society at the expense of the suffering few. Also in the theory colonialism, many groups have come up with many theories that based their arguments and challenged racial injustice. All this is said to have happened in the early 60s and 70s.This theory needs to be modified and it’s also relevant to examine the United States societies although it needs to be modified, it is relevant to examine the United States societies and its impacts to the blacks who live in the United States. (Butler, 1997). In the dual labour market, you find that the blacks are usually neglected in both the public and the private sectors. The issue of wages has been dodged by controversy which leaves us with the question of what can be considered as the right wages. A right wage can be said to be a compensation for a service offered which equals the amount of effort that was used in the service. Going with the labor theories, employer has a moral duty of ensuring that they pay the employees a wage which is equal to their input in their services.   An engineer will not be expected to be paid the same amount of wage as a casual laborer. These are some of the segmentation in the labor market that we have to agree with. But in most of the dual sectors that is the public and the private sectors, you find that, blacks are usually discriminated and usually do hard work with only small wages. (Butler, 1997). Institutional discrimination is also evident in the blacks who stay in the United States. In most of these institutions, you find that blacks are usually denied access to some of the institutions.Ofcourse institutional discrimination is something which blacks have faced for quite a long time. For example, during the early times, blacks were forced in to institutional slavery. In this case, blacks were usually captured and taken as slavery by the American. Even today some of these cases do happen since you find that most of the blacks who go stay in America are forced to do hard work since they are discriminated in certain institutions. (Butler, 1997). Double jeopardy does not happen to the blacks who live in the United States. Double jeopardy can be taken as the case when a criminal is supposed to be tried for a second time of the crime committed. In this case, blacks are not double jeopardized since there is a law which governs human rights and even for the immigrants who live in the United States. (Allport, 2003). Redlining also happens to the blacks which live in the United States. Redlining means the case when the costs of living are increased or even denied to some groups of individuals. But for this case, the blacks are denied their standards of living despite the human rights constitution which states that immigrants should be protected. In this case, redlining can be seen in various accesses to jobs. Most of the blacks are usually denied access to job facilities and are mostly supposed to do the casual activities over there. There costs of living are low as when compared to the citizens of that country. Evvironmental justice is also accorded to the blacks who stay in the United States. You find that the human rights act which is set by various non governmental programs to help protect immigrants who come to unites states have been applied in most of these cases. People have the right to move to any country and enjoy the benefits of that country just like anybody else. Affirmative action can be seen in the areas of employment. Out of research, it has been found that employer support for affirmative action has a significant and positive influence on the blacks who stay in the United States and this can be seen at the higher job levels. (Allport, 2003). Conclusion Blacks are one of the ethnic groups in the United States. They migrated to the United States in search of jobs, higher education and also increased standards of living. Despite their movement to these places, they usually face a lot of discrimination. For example they face a lot of racial discrimination. You find that the blacks are usually denied access to various jobs but the only job they can easily access is the casual job. Reference Allport, G. (2003): The nature of prejudice. Vancouver, West coast Coalition for Human Dignity. Butler, P. (1997): Affirmative action. Diversity and options. University of Colorado Law review. Vol. 68.    How to cite Order No, Essay examples

Service Adhesives at the Crossroads The Lessons Learned

Service Adhesives Ltd currently employs up to 20% of their workforce on short-term contracts. What effect will this have on the team-based working structure? Employing workforce on short-term contracts has its pros and cons. On the one hand, the employer will be able to cut the expenses by offering the employees the salaries that are considerably less impressive compared to the ones offered to the long-term employees. Therefore, the company can afford to buy much better equipment, sped more financial resources on building stronger relationships with the foreign partners, and on improving the company’s relationships with the target audience by offering the latter more discounts.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Service Adhesives at the Crossroads: The Lessons Learned specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When it comes to team structure, however, the prospects of the company are far not that bright. Since mig rant workers represent a different culture, it will be quite hard to establish a specific organizational behavior for the employees to follow. The cultural specifics of the employees will have to be taken into account, which means that the Service Adhesives will have to make a departure into the exploration of the specifics of its new staff’s culture. As a result, it can be expected that the team structure is going to be weaker than it would be with native workforce. While it will be relatively cheap to afford the migrant labor force, Service Adhesives will also have to take into account the numerous misunderstandings and cultural conflicts that are likely to take place in the nearest future. In addition, there is no secret that the use of migrant labor presupposes that the quality of the services will be much lower compared to the situation in which the native workforce is used. Since the company is going to strive for â€Å"operational excellence† (Slack, Chambers J ohnson, 2010, 257), it can be assumed that Service Adhesives is far from bringing its production values any lower. In considering a transition to a team-based work structure, what sort of barriers are Service Adhesives Ltd likely to encounter? As it has been mentioned above, a departure from the traditional leadership style and the transition to a team-based structure is fraught with many difficulties. These difficulties, however, do not mean that the company should have never accepted a new policy. It is necessary to admit that the enhancement of teamwork, as well as the process of establishing the appropriate organizational behavior for the migrant workforce will demand a strong effort and considerable time for the managers to plunge into the specifics of the migrant workers’ culture and realize what will help keep their team together. However, in the given case, the ends justify the costs that are going to be taken in the process. Since the Service Adhesives has already st arted expanding, it is especially important to consider the possible obstacles. The latter can be split into the formal and informal ones. Among the formal barriers, the fact that the company has little to no experience in the new market should be mentioned. As a result, the competitors clearly have an advantage over the Service Adhesives.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among the informal barriers, the above-mentioned complexities regarding the organizational behavior must be mentioned. Making migrant staff work as a team is intrinsically difficult, since the employer knows little to nothing about the culture of the former. Could a team-based work organization be the answer to organizational difficulties? Despite the aforementioned statement concerning the difficulties related to the team-based structure, it is easy to understand the reasons behind the leader’s decision to change the company strategy. According to the information offered in the case study, the strategy adopted previously proved a complete failure due to the decrease of the product quality and the company’s inability to make for the rapidly rising costs, as the revenues remained unchanged. Judging by the fact that the low product quality stemmed from the lack of control over the production process, as well as the lack of cohesion between the actions of the company’s staff, it can be assumed that the current team-oriented strategy will help bring the staff closer. As a result, the knowledge management process is likely to become more efficient, which will upgrade the production values up a notch. The given plan seems rather viable; however, the cultural issues specified above must be tackled before the company starts competing with the new rivals in the new market. On the one hand, a team-based strategy will contribute to the development of a better knowledge m anagement process. On the other hand, a strong and integrated team is only one of the many aspects of an efficient knowledge management system, which means that the proposed plan will work only when the rest of the elements, such as the information distribution and processing, the quality standards, the strategy for fighting the competitors, etc. are up to the notch. What difficulties could Service Adhesives face in implementing empowerment? Another important aspect of Service Adhesives improvement concerns employee empowerment. There is no need to stress the significance of providing the staff with enough freedom for them to make decisions on their own. Thus, employees feel that they contribute to the company. In addition, such decisions are more adequate, seeing how employees have an immediate access to the specifics of a certain issue in their field. To empower employees in Service Adhesives, a flexible system of rewards should be provided. Once seeing that their initiatives are appreciated, the employees will be more willing to take part in the company’s business processes.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Service Adhesives at the Crossroads: The Lessons Learned specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Slack, N., Chambers, S. Johnson, R. (2010). Operations management. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education. This case study on Service Adhesives at the Crossroads: The Lessons Learned was written and submitted by user Alaya Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

exxon valdez essays

exxon valdez essays On March 24, 1989 at 4 minutes past midnight, the oil tanker ExxonValdez struck a reef in Alaska's breath-taking Prince William Sound. Instantaneously, the quiet waters of the sound became a sea of black. "We've fetched up - ah - hard aground north of Goose Island off Bligh Reef, and - ah - evidently leaking some oil," Joseph Hazelwood, captain of the ship, radioed the Coast Guard Marine Safety Office back in Valdez. That "some oil" turned out to be a total of 11,000,000 gallons of crude oil leaking from the ruptured hull of the ship. By the time a containment effort was put forth, a weather storm had helped to spread the oil as much as three feet thick across 1,400 miles of beaches. A little over ten years have passed since the largest oil spill and the greatest environmental disaster in American history, but the waters and its surroundings are still recovering. At first, many people repeated what was then thought as common knowledge, "oil dissipates, nature heals quickly, all will be well in a year or two." This has not been the case with the Exxon Valdez. This massive 987-foot tanker has left a lingering, long-term effect on the natural habitat that surrounds these pristine waters, along with an enormous socio-economic effect that has left many people wondering when and where the next oil spill will be. Many associated with the recovery process, and its more than one hundred projects per year, say it will take longer than a human lifetime to determine if a full recovery is possible (Fine 1999). The Exxon Valdez oil spill was initially thought of as a two to three year clean-up project. As time went ahead, scientists and clean-up crews realized that it would take a longer period of time and require a lot more effort than originally planned. Up to this point, the oil has contaminated a national forest, four wildlife refuges, three national parks, five state parks, four "critical habitat areas" and a state game sanctuary,...

World War 1 - A Short Timeline of 1915

World War 1 - A Short Timeline of 1915 Germany now plotted a change of tactic, fighting defensively in the West and trying to defeat Russia in the east quickly by attacking, while the Allies aimed to break through on their respective fronts. Meanwhile, Serbia came under increased pressure and Britain planned to attack Turkey. January 8: Germany forms a southern army to support the faltering Austrians. Germany would have to send ever more troops to prop up what became a puppet regime. January 19: First German Zeppelin raid on British mainland. January 31: The first use of poison gas in WW1, by Germany at Bolimow in Poland. This ushers in a terrible new era in warfare, and soon the allied nations join in with their own gas. February 4: Germany declares submarine blockade of Britain, with all approaching ships considered targets. This is the start of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. When this is restarted later in the war it causes Germany to lose. February 7 - 21: Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, no gains. (EF) March 11: The Reprisals Order, in which Britain banned all neutral parties from trading with Germany. As Germany was suffering a naval blockade by Britain this became a serious issue. The US was supposedly neutral, but couldnt get supplies to Germany if it had wanted to. (It didnt.) March 11 - 13 : Battle of Neuve-Chapelle. (WF) March 18: Allied ships attempt to bombard areas of the Dardanelles, but their failure causes the development of an invasion plan. April 22 - May 25: Second Battle of Ypres (WF); BEF casualties are triple those of Germans. April 25: The Allied ground assault begins in Gallipoli. (SF) The plan has been rushed, the equipment is poor, commanders who would later prove themselves act badly. It is a colossal mistake. April 26: The Treaty of London is signed, in which Italy joins the Entente. They have a secret agreement which gives them land in a victory. April 22: Poison Gas is first used on the Western Front, in a German attack on Canadian troops at Ypres. May 2-13: Battle of Gorlice-Tarnow, in which the Germans push Russia back. May 7: The Lusitania is sunk by a German submarine; casualties include 124 Americans passengers. This inflames US opinion against Germany and submarine warfare. June 23 - July 8: First Battle of Isonzo, an Italian offensive against fortified Austrian positi ons along a 50-mile front. Italy makes ten more attacks between 1915 and 1917 in the same place (The Second - Eleventh Battles of Isonzo) for no real gains. (IF) July 13-15: The German Triple Offensive begins, aiming to destroy the Russian army. July 22: The Great Retreat (2) is ordered - Russian forces pull back out of Poland (currently part of Russia), taking machinery and equipment with them. September 1: After American outrage, Germany officially stops sinking passenger vessels without warning. September 5: Tsar Nicholas II makes himself Russian Commander-in-Chief. This directly leads to him being blamed for failure and the collapse of the Russian monarchy. September 12: After the failure of the Austrian Black Yellow offensive (EF), Germany takes over ultimate control of Austro-Hungarian forces. September 21 - November 6: Allied offensive leads to Battles of Champagne, Second Artois and Loos; no gains. (WF) November 23: German, Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian forces push the Serbian army into exile; Serbia falls. December 10: The Allies begin slowly withdrawing from Gallipoli; they complete by January 9 1916. The landing has been a total failure, costing a huge number of lives. December 18: Douglas Haig appointed British Commander-in-Chief; he replaces John French. December 20th: In The Falkenhayn Memorandum, the Central Powers propose to bleed the French White through a war of attrition. The key is using Verdun Fortress as a French meat grinder. Despite attacking on the Western Front, Britain and France make few gains; they also incur hundreds of thousands more casualties than their enemy. The Gallipoli landings also fail, causing the resignation of a certain Winston Churchill from British government. Meanwhile, the Central Powers achieve what looks like success in the East, pushing the Russians back into Belorussia...but this had happened before - against Napoleon - and would happen again, against Hitler. Russias manpower, manufacturing and army remained strong, but casualties had been huge. Next page 1916 Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

European Convention on Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Convention on Human Rights - Essay Example However, the legal precedent regarding the applicability of human rights to aliens and immigrants in deportation hearings largely excludes Article 6 from applicability based on the rulings that these are administrative hearings and not criminal trials or charges. Despite the fact that fundamental human rights are being decided and discussed in immigration and alien extradition proceedings, the courts have allowed little extension of the ECHR in this realm of legal practice. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights additionally sets requirements for a public hearing and announcement of the verdict, while accepting that this can be retrained in certain instances of â€Å"the interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the inte rests of justice.†2 The procedural safeguards found in this section of Article 6 have been determined to be not applicable to administrative decisions, based not on any of the reasons stated therein, but rather in the jurisdiction of the proceedings for the expulsion, deportation or extradition of aliens. In this regard, the current state of the law can arguably be said to be based in outmoded aspects of identity that are inconsistent with globalized society and modern forms of mass-transportation. Populations and economies are much more dynamic in the 21st century than in the early era of modernity when the rights of sovereignty of nation-states and the fundamental rights of individuals were first developed into human rights accords. Human rights are designed to protect fundamental liberties of the individual against intrusion by the State in recognition of the inalienability of the stated rights. Thus denying them by fact of the temporary â€Å"alien† status of the pe titioner or a jurisdictional element of law seems to point to the circumvention of the intent of the founders in this instance. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights also states that, â€Å"everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights: (a) to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him; (b) to have adequate time and the facilities for the preparation of his defence; (c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require; (d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him; (e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.†

Letter to the Committee Saying Why Brain Rejuvenation Should Not Be Essay

Letter to the Committee Saying Why Brain Rejuvenation Should Not Be Allowed - Essay Example Within the context of brain transplant, a person is only identical to the later person if the later person has the entire body as the earlier person, subsequently, brain rejuvenation results to memory duplication whereby a person’s memory can be used by several other persons. Prior to the suggested â€Å"brain rejuvenation† procedure on Nick, Dr. Mathews performed a â€Å"brain transplant† operation on Julia North and subsequently the members of the committee agreed that Julia North’s life was saved. Perhaps we may need to understand a few basics and events that led to this case. Before this operation, Julia North was a young woman run over by a car in efforts to save the life of a child who wandered onto the tracks. Mary Frances who was the child’s mother had stroke while watching the events unfold. The two victims were brought to this facility where Dr. Mathews performed his ‘Brain transplant’ operation which the committee approved an d agreed that saved Julia’s life. It is also important to note that at the time of accident, the survivor, Julia North’s body was dying and the brain was okay and Dr. Mathews transferred her brain into another body. The committee further agreed that it was Julia’s life that was saved since the survivor had memories of Julia based on the being Julia. While arriving at this conclusion, this committee must have been guided by the sophisticated memory account that provides that when a person is numerically identical to a later person if and only if the person has memories of being earlier person that is so caused in the right way. My objection for this matter rests with Cohen’s views on this matter. Julia North had one up until the time of accident, and another body after the operation. This implies that one person had two bodies. Therefore a person cannot be simply identified with a human body and therefore something must be wrong with the view that the comm ittee had adopted on this case as it implies that if a similar operation were to be carried out on brain transplant, then afterwards this person would be a person with new body since the person with that body has a memory of having a similar case as Julia if caused in the ‘right way.’ Right in this scenario has a particular meaning of interest, and must satisfy three conditions; if a subject experiences some event, this experience leaves a trace in the brain of the event and this trace that has been left is later responsible for content of a memory, then in this way we can say that the memory is caused in the right way. Dear members, we are faced with another problem of a new technique called ‘Brain rejuvenation’ yet to be performed on Nick. While adopting earlier propositions to defend approving Julia’s case we are also suggesting that the same logic as earlier proposed would be applicable and as such the committee is justified in saying that Nick w ould be the survivor of the operation , and I quote, â€Å"Nick would be the survivor of the brain rejuvenation procedure because the survivor would have the memories of being Nick and there would be more than one person of being Nick.† But dear members, Nick cannot be more than one person and this do not seems right. Using the same procedure as advanced in this new ‘brain rejuvenation’ process, the committee has argued that saving Nick’s life will be accomplished by replacing his brain with a duplicated brain from someone else and as such his survival are justified on the premise that the same bodies would be of this new person, say Alex and that Nick would then have Alex’s memories and they remember them in the right way. Premised on the duplication theory, when someone

Maggots have a standard development

Maggots have a standard development 1. Introduction 1.1 Anatomy of Maggots Maggots breathe from the anterior end of their body to get oxygen as they burrow through tissue. They bury with the help of two sharp digging hooks. Maggots have a standard development i.e. egg-larva-pupae. The developmental stage can be determined by the length of the maggots. Maggots grow at an increased rate with higher temperature.(Giangiuliani et al. 1994) Maggots are short in proportion to its thickness and its smaller at the two ends than in the middle. There is line of dots on the body of maggots; these are the mouths of air canals which serve as a lung. They have smooth skin and are commonly of light cream colour.(Schoofs et al. 2009) Some of them have tails for the motion in the water. The movement of maggots with feet is a mixture of crawling and walking. The crawling motion is an alternate elongation and contraction of one half of the length of the body. First, the front half lengthen and stretch forward while the following half is contracted and vice versa. The walking is performed by a successive motion of each pair of feet that support these alternate contractions and elongations of a body making head and tail alternately fixed.(Schoofs et al. 2009) 1.2. Life Cycle 1.2.1. House fly (Musca demostica) life cycle Female flies can place around 500 white eggs in numerous of groups of around 75 to 150. The lengths of these eggs are approximately 1.2 mm. It takes about 24 hours for the eggs to be hatched by larvae known as squats (Singh and Vardanis 1984). The main source of food for consumption of maggots is generally dead organic material like decomposing garbage or faeces. These legless creatures are pale in colour and grow 3-9 mm in length. Larvae stage lasts no less than a week before they crawl to a dry cool place due to their transformation into reddish brown pupae which reach up to 8 mm in length. The mature flies then come out of the pupae. This whole biological process of physical development after the larvaes birth is called ‘complete metamorphoses. The life of adult flies is between 2-4 weeks or even longer under controlled laboratory conditions. The growths of flies come to an end after coming out of the pupae. The small size of some flies does not indicate their growing stage, because at this point flies do not grow up any more, but of course it is the result of inadequate consumption and lack of food during the larval phase. (Bennet S.M. 2008) Some female flies become ready to mate after 36 hours of emerging from the pupae. She is then mounted and inject with sperm by a male from behind. The duration of mating lasts from few seconds to few minutes and the female stores the sperm to frequently produce eggs. The males job is to protect a certain territory to make sure no other flies or insects tress pass the area and also to try and mount the female trespassers. (Bennet S.M. 2008) Just like other insects flies too depend on the warm temperature. The warmer the environment, the more active and faster they are in their development and vice versa. (Bennet 2008) 1.2.2. Bluebottle flies (Calliphora vomitoria) life cycle Bluebottle flies are a little longer than normal house flies, around 10-14 mm in length. They are blue colour as the name suggests, with dull gray head and thorax, red eyes, black legs and antenna, clear wings and a body covered with bristle.(Wooldridge et al. 2007) The eggs of blue bottle fly is placed by a female usually as the same place as her consumption area which could be either rotting meat, garbage, and, or faeces. Just like the house fly larvae (maggot), the larvae of blue bottle fly known as Calliphora larvae is also pale-whitish. As soon as these maggots emerge from their eggs, they begin to consume on the surrounding dead or decaying organic material. After few days of consuming, the larvae are fully grown and ready to wrap themselves into thick brown cocoons in a dry cool area where they can stay in for two weeks before emerging from it as an adult fly. Similar to housefly and other insects, the adult blue bottle flies and pupae hibernate during winter, and waken up by warmer temperature when they can be active again in mating, laying eggs. These flies get involved in the activities such as pollinating of some flowers. (Kurashi 2008) 1.2.3. Green bottle (L. Sericata) life cycle The female fly lays a bunch of eggs in an injured area, a corpse (dead body), or in necrotic (dead tissue) or decomposing tissue. The larvae of green bottle known as pinkie hatch from their eggs 8-10 hours after being placed in a warm damp area; however this process could be delayed to three days in a cooler weather condition. The female fly can lay 130 to 172 eggs. The larvae are again pale-whitish. They are 10-14 mm in length. The larva consumes on the dead or decomposing tissue approximately for 3-10 days. This would change as the temperature increases or decreases. During this length of time, the larva goes through 3 larval stages. In the cool temperature of 16oC the first level of larva phase lasts about 53 hours, the second phase, 42 hours, and finally the third and the last phase will take 98 hours to fulfil this part of their life cycle. If the temperature increased to 27oC, the 1st stage would take 31 hours whilst the second stage lasts 12 hours and the 3rd stage will last 4 0 hours to achieve this particular life cycle. In the 3rd larva stage, the larva will move onto soil to pupate for 6 to 14 days. This will again change if the temperature is lower, and if it is in winter time, they can stay in the soil until the temperature of the soil increases again. Following the transformation of the pupa, the adult fly comes out from the soil and feeds on dead and decomposing tissue. It will take the mature flies two weeks until they begin to lay eggs. The whole duration of the life cycle of the blue bottle fly is between two to three weeks; however this could be reduced during summer time when the temperature is higher which will consequently lead to the more activity of the fly is at its most. There are normally 3 to 4 generations of L. sericata during each year. (Merih 2008) 1.3 Human Infection and Medical Importance Flies are commonly developed in unsanitary areas and manures in farms. The most common type of fly found around these areas is the house flies, also known as Musca domestica, scientifically. The major concerns with these flies are that it does not produce damage directly. They transmit pathogens (viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes). (Fotedar et al. 1992) The pathogenic organisms are transferred by flies from sewages, unclean areas and wastes onto their mouthparts, via their feces and vomitus and then to human or food. One of the specific problems is the movement of flies from the animal feces to the food soon to be consumed by the human. Moreover, flies can contain the pathogens consumed from unclean or microbe infested area in its mouthparts or alimentary canal for several days, which are transmitted through regurgitation or defecation (Fotedar et al. 1992). Critical health problems can arise if there are food stalls, hospitals or meat market nearby in areas where proper plumbing is necessary such as open latrines or an open drainage. 1.3. 1. A few common diseases caused by flies Two methods of pathogenic transmission by flies are mechanical and biological transmission. 1.4. Maggots Maggots are usually found in decaying bodies. They give an indication of time elapsed since the death and the place of the death, by identifying the stage of their lifecycle and species. Their DNA is used to identify their species. The size of house fly larvae is 10 20 mm. Histeridae (another insect family) feed on larvae. Thus, the lack of maggots would increase the estimated time of death. A few other species of larvae are bred specifically for angling or as the food for pets such as reptiles or birds. They are used in the production of some cheeses (casu marzu). Necrotic wounds can also be cleaned out with the help of maggots. Maggot debridement therapy is the use of disinfected and live fly larvae to promote the healing of wound by necrotic tissue cleaning. The maggot is introduced to the non healing tissue debridement of an animal or a human. (Jones and Wall 2008) Dressing containing maggots are used to seal the non healing wound of the patient. The dressing is air permeable for the maggots to live. They are unable to reproduce in the dressing when they are satiated as they are immature. The length of the therapy depends on the severity of the debridement. 1.4.1. The mechanism of action The maggots are used in the medical field for the three main reasons: Debridement The wound containing the necrotic tissues is the ideal breeding area for bacteria leading to septicaemia, amputation and gangrene. The healing of the wound is stopped if the necrotic tissues have not been cleaned out. The surgeons can only debride the tissues they can see. This often results in the removal of healthy tissues along with the dead tissues causing pain in patient. If a tissue containing dead cells is not removed, bacteria may cause infection to the nearby healthy tissues, spreading it further. Therefore the maggots are used in specific areas where the surgeon is unable to remove the necrotic tissues. The healthy tissues are not damaged by the maggots. They consume with precise boundary. Maggots obtain nutrients by extracorporeal digestion. Proteolytic enzymes are used to liquefy dead tissue, which are later absorbed. (Jones and Wall 2008) Disinfection The wounds are harder to treat if they contain antibiotic resistant microbial strain. Although maggots are used to clean out the necrotic wounds, it contained secretion which could disinfect a bacterial infection. The infections can be life threatening. The secretion contained allantoin, phenylacetic acid, urea and calcium carbonate and proteolytic enzymes. The microbes that are resistant to these secretions are lysed and ingested within the maggots. A few of the pathogenic bacteria that are destroyed and inhibited by the maggots are MRSA, Gram-positive strains and group A and B streptococci. (van der Plas et al. 2007) Wound healing Epidermal growth factor and IL-6 are amplified by the maggot secretion. The growth of the fibroblasts and chondrocytes are also stimulated by the secretions. Moreover, wound exodus and formation of granulation tissue are also stimulated. (Li et al. 2009) 1.4.2. Limitations Only moist wounds are suited to maggot therapy. Adequate oxygen supply is also necessary. Although dry wounds can be moistened with saline soaks, it does not provide a good feeding environment for the maggots. Maggots often have a short life span which restricts its long-term use. Patients may also find them distasteful or disgusting. Therefore polymer bags are used to hide them from others site. (Li et al. 2009) The three types of flies that are studied in our project are: 1.5. House fly The most common type of flies found in most homes is the houseflies also known as Musca domestica. These flies are considered a pest as it carries the common diseases. Houseflies feed onsputum, feces, and humid decaying organic materials.They can only take in foods in liquid form. Therefore, they use their saliva to predigest the solid food which is later sucked in. House flies also regurgitate certain digested food and take it again to its abdomen. Mechanical transmission of organisms on flies: â€Å"Parasitic diseases: Cysts ofprotozoae.g.Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambliaand eggs of helminths e.g.:Ascaris lumbricoides,Trichuros trichura,Haemenolypes nana,Enterobius vermicularis†. (Fà ·rster et al. 2009) Viruses:Enteroviruses:Poliomyelitis,infective hepatitis(A E). etc â€Å"Bacterial diseases: Typhoid, cholera, dysentery, pyogenic cocci, etc. House flies have been confirmed to be carriers ofCampylobacter andE. coliO157:H7 using Polymerase Chain Reactionâ€Å". (Ahmad et al. 2007) Polymerase chain reaction can also be used to identify the pathogenic bacteria contained in the house fly. (Ahmad et al. 2007) 1.6. Greenbottle fly The greenbottle fly comes from the species ofblowfly, in the generaLuciliaandPhaenicia. The common species ofgreenbottle areLucilia cuprina,Lucilia caesar,Lucilia coeruleiviridis, andLucilia illustris.The maggots of the greenbottle fly feed only on dead tissues and not the living cells. Therefore the larvae of greenbottle fly are used in maggot therapy. (Graczyk et al. 2001) 1.7. Bluebottle fly The bluebottle fly is another type of blow fly known as Calliphora vomitoria. They are half an inch larger than the house flies. The rotting materials attract the adult bluebottle flies. These flies play an important role in ecological system as they feed on dead or dying materials. It is usually the female flies that enter indoors. (Stevens 2003) 1.8. The microbiology of maggots used in angling 1.8.1. Pinkies As its name suggest this maggot is pink in colour. Pinkies are the larvae of the green bottle fly, close to its relative the blue bottle and are about two thirds the size. They are usually about 15 mm long and have the same feed sack as maggots. Like maggots pinkies come in different colours amongst which the red maggot and the natural white are the most common but with one major exception, the fluorescent pinkie, a pink/red colour and usually devastating particularly in the winter. Fluorescent pinkies are very good in cold weather. Pinkies are good as hookbait for small fish at all times. However,being smaller than large whites they are less likely to over ­feed the fish. Also being lively, pinkies tend to burrow out of sight into the bottom when fed into the swim. Pinkies are small, light maggots best suited to canals, still waters and slow-moving rivers as they tend to fall slowly in the water and fast flowing water will wash them away. (Adams and Hall 2003) Storage This is totally dependent on the age of the maggot. Maggots can be stored for 10-15 days provided they are kept cool, as cool environment slows down the natural ageing and development of the maggot in to its chrysalis state. Pinkies are sold in either saw dust or maize to keep them clean and in the best state possible. To keep maggots for any length of time it is advisable to change the sawdust or maize regularly. Pinkies kept for ages in the fridge can be going strong after 2 or even 3 weeks. (Adams and Hall 2003) Hooking The pinkie should be hooked in the same way that you would hook the white maggot, through the bearded end. As the Pinkie is small in size it stands to reason that the hooks need to be smaller too. Again when hooking the pinkie the maggot should remain lively and no fluid should be released. (Adams and Hall 2003) 1.8.2. Squatts The squat or feeder as it is commonly known is the smallest of the maggot family and are the larvae of the housefly. The mature larva is usually 3 to 9 mm in length, creamy whitish in colour, cylindrical but has a tapering head. The head consists a pair of dark hooks. These legless maggots emerge from the eggs during summers within 8 to 20 hours, and they immediately feed on the wastes the eggs were laid on. The fully grown maggots are 12mm long n are greasy on surface. The fully grown maggots move up to the cold dry place for their transformation into pupal phase. (Hou et al. 2007) They are usually used as loose feed and like the Pinkie are more suitable to still or slow moving water as they sink very slowly. The squat is rarely used as hook bait but can be if needed. The squat is a slow moving sluggish maggot that displays little activity when it is on the bed of the water. For this reason they are an excellent fish holding bait and are a good choice when used with ground bait. (Hou et al. 2007) Storage Squats are usually sold in damp sand which helps to stop the maggot from drying out. Unfortunately the squat will not keep for more than a few days so it1s a good idea not to buy too many at any one time. (Hou et al. 2007) Hooking These are not usually used as hook baits but it stands to reason that due their size they will need a small hook to hook them effectively. The squat when hooked should be hooked in the same way that you would hook the white maggot, through the bearded end. 1.8.3. Calliphora larvae The white maggot is the larvae of the common Blue Bottle and is the largest of the maggot family. As soon as, the larvae emerge from their eggs, they begin to consume on the surrounding dead or decomposing organic material. Once they are fully grown within a period of a week, they leave the carrion. (Stevens 2003) Most insect larvae have organs called stemmata which contain the photoreceptors, however, these appear to be absent in maggots. There are a number of structures at the front end of a maggot that have at one time or another been suggested to be the site of photoreception. These include chemoreceptors and even the imaginal discs that are destined to become the compound eyes of the adult fly. (Stevens 2003) Good quality maggots will be lively and soft to the touch. They will have a black spot under the skin which is an indication of having recently fed (the larger the spot the younger the maggot). Maggots that are slow moving or firm to the touch are older and will therefore turn in to casters much sooner. (Stevens 2003) Storage This is totally dependent on the age of the maggot. Keeping the maggot cool slows down the natural ageing and development of the maggot in to its chrysalis state and can therefore be kept for 10-15 days. When kept in warm conditions they last not more than 2 days. Maggots that have been left in warm conditions become sweaty and will eventually die. Sweaty maggots stink due to which they will not be attractive to fishes. (Stevens 2003) Hooking As a general rule of thumb, small hooks should be used when hooking maggots. When the point of the hook is pressed across the beard of the maggot, the maggot should remain lively avoiding the release of fluids. 1.8. Campylobacter Species The genus Campylobacter is a gram negative; microearophilic curve shaped rods that can cause certain diseases such as Campylobacteriosis in both human and particular animals via infection and contamination from the genus itself. Most common species in human pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni and C. Coli and the least common ones are C. Lari, C. Hyointestinals, and C. Fetus. A very high amount of Campylobacter bacteria is detectable in the faeces of individual suffering from acute campylobacteriosis due to developing gastroenteritis. At this stage the Campylobacter could easily be detected and separated from the faeces sample using selective agar plates, however at the later stage is more difficult to detect the bacteria in that way as the number of bacteria decreases in the samples due to the increase of the number of dead or injured cells interfering with microbial flora (Figure 15). This bacteria cause food born infections from mild to severe diarrhoea. This is a big concern in angling industry as the fishermen who eat food after handling the contaminated larva without washing their hands. Therefore they develop illnesses such as food poisoning and diarrheal illnesses. 1.9. References Adams,Z.J.O. and Hall,M.J.R. (2003) Methods used for the killing and preservation of blowfly larvae, and their effect on post-mortem larval length. Forensic Science International 138, 50-61. Ahmad,A., Nagaraja,T.G. and Zurek,L. (2007) Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to cattle by house flies. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 80, 74-81. Bennet S.M. (2008) Musca domestica. Bennet, S. M. (2008) Musca domestica. Cohen,D., Green,M., Block,C., Slepon,R., Ambar,R., Wasserman,S.S. and Levine,M.M. (1991) Reduction of transmission of shigellosis by control of houseflies (Musca domestica). The Lancet 337, 993-997. Fotedar,R., Banerjee,U., Singh,S., Shriniwas and Verma,A.K. (1992) The housefly (Musca domestica) as a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms in a hospital environment. Journal of Hospital Infection 20, 209-215. Fà ·rster,M., Klimpel,S. and Sievert,K. (2009) The house fly (Musca domestica) as a potential vector of metazoan parasites caught in a pig-pen in Germany. Veterinary Parasitology 160, 163-167. Giangiuliani,G., Lucchi,A., Vinson,S.B. and Bin,F. (1994) External anatomy of adult antennal sensilla of the fly, Trichopoda pennipes F. (Diptera: Tachinidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 23, 105-113. Graczyk,T.K., Knight,R., Gilman,R.H. and Cranfield,M.R. (2001) The role of non-biting flies in the epidemiology of human infectious diseases. Microbes and Infection 3, 231-235. Gr ³bel,P. and Cave,D.R. (2004) Sanitation and houseflies (Musca domestica): Factors for the transmission of Helicobacter pylori. Bulletin de lInstitut Pasteur 96, 83-91. Hou,L., Shi,Y., Zhai,P. and Le,G. (2007) Antibacterial activity and in vitro anti-tumor activity of the extract of the larvae of the housefly (Musca domestica). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111, 227-231. Jones,G. and Wall,R. (2008) Maggot-therapy in veterinary medicine. Research in Veterinary Science 85, 394-398. Kurashi, H. (2008) 109. Family CALLIPHORIDE. Li,Q., Lu,R., Huo,R. and Fu,H. (2009) Maggots of musca domestica in treatment of acute intractable wound. Surgery 145, 122-123. Merih,C. (2008) Neonatal myiasis: a case report. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 581-584. Schoofs,A., Niederegger,S. and Spie ¯,R. (2009) From behavior to fictive feeding: Anatomy, innervation and activation pattern of pharyngeal muscles of Calliphora vicina 3rd instar larvae. Journal of Insect Physiology 55, 218-230. Singh,G.J.P. and Vardanis,A. (1984) Chitinases in the house fly, Musca domestica: Pattern of activity in the life cycle and preliminary characterization. Insect Biochemistry 14, 215-218. Stevens,J.R. (2003) The evolution of myiasis in blowflies (Calliphoridae). International Journal for Parasitology 33, 1105-1113. van der Plas,M.J.A., van der Does,A.M., Baldry,M., Dogterom-Ballering,H.C.M., van Gulpen,C., van Dissel,J.T., Nibbering,P.H. and Jukema,G.N. (2007) Maggot excretions/secretions inhibit multiple neutrophil pro-inflammatory responses. Microbes and Infection 9, 507-514. Wooldridge,J., Scrase,L. and Wall,R. (2007) Flight activity of the blowflies, Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata, in the dark. Forensic Science International 172, 94-97.

Systematic Approach to Managing Ohs

MODULE 1 SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO MANAGING OHS ASSESSMENT Module 1 PROJECT 1 Write a detailed report on the implementation of a systematic approach to managing OHS. Your report might be theoretical or based on your specific workplace. Ensure that you include the following: ?Requirements for record-keeping ?Sources of OHS information and data ?Consultative arrangements ?OHS action plans ?OHS specialists (internal or external) and technical advisors ? Other functional areas ?Proposed changes to the workplace Stakeholders Construction Australia is the company that I am employed by. Our company offers services in refractory installation to all major industries. We are involved in the construction and maintenance of boilers, kilns, ovens, incinerators, etc. in power generation plants, heat treatment plants, chemical plants, steel mills, oil refineries and many more. We conduct high risk work such as demolition, confined space entry, working at heights, and work at extreme temperatures mainly in major hazard facilities.Due to the nature of our work it is vital that we have a system in place to manage Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). A systematic approach to managing OHS allows us to follow a structured framework that ensures primarily, we reduce the risks of injury or illness in the workplace or anyone affected by our activities and that we comply with all relevant laws and legislation. The main elements of an Occupational Health and safety management system (OHSMS) are: †¢Commitment and policy †¢Planning †¢Implementation †¢Measurement and evaluation Review and improvement These elements are incorporated into the system and involve consultation at all stages with stakeholders and key personnel of our organisation. The basis of this approach is a cycle of continuous improvement as illustrated below in fig. 1: When establishing a more systematic approach to managing safety, it is helpful to understand where your organisation is in terms of OHS mat urity. Four levels of system maturity can be considered: †¢Immature (Troubled) †¢Reactive (Responsive) †¢Attentive (Managed) Mature (Value-Adding) Our company is at a mature level as we have established structures, systems and processes in place. We also have a shared belief that OHS is a critical aspect of personal and organisational performance and focus continually on improvement and ways to reduce risks. An effective OHSMS requires the participation of all parts of the organisation. To gain this commitment from people, senior management takes an active role in leadership, allocation of resources, consultative meetings and regular reviews of OHS.The first step in the systematic approach to OHS is to develop a comprehensive OHS policy that states the overall objectives and sets out the company’s commitment to health and safety. The policy should be sufficiently clear and be capable of being read by all relevant parties, internal and external. The policy shoul d be endorsed by the most senior person, such as the CEO or managing director. Beroa’s OHS policy is attached to appendix A. Action plans are a vital part of the planning and implementation process.The organisation needs to determine the key regulatory requirements they must meet and also get an understanding of their major OHS risks and how they will be identified. Objectives, targets and key performance indicators (KPI’s) need to be set. These should incorporate both lead (e. g. number of safety audits conducted) and lag (e. g. number of lost time injuries) indicators. Lead indicators are commonly referred to as Positive Performance Indicators (PPI’s) that focus on assessing how successful an organisation is performing.Using a combination of both lead and lag indicators will provide the best outcomes. A plan is vital to ensure targets are reached in a systematic way and it should be linked to the organisation’s strategic plan. The plan should allocate r esources and timelines and can be used to monitor development of the OHSMS. Appendix B is a Beroa action plan that we have in place. It outlines the systems that we use to ensure that we are compliant with legislation and we are fulfilling the objectives of our OHS policy.We use policies and procedures, inductions, meetings, toolbox meetings, consultation, pre-start checks and regular training and development to deliver all our processes. Our documented policies for hazard identification and hazard/risk assessment, make sure that we remain regulatory compliant through our business activities. Consultation with workplace personnel, OHS professionals, insurers and other relevant group is undertaken to ensure that we develop a safe workplace and mentality. We aim to translate legislation into a language that can be comprehended at all levels.This allows people to understand and participate with feeling unsure or confused. Beroa has an open door policy on all aspects especially OHS. Con sultation is the best tool that we use in our workplace. The changing nature of our working conditions on a constant basis means that we need to know what is going on so we can make sure that we remain compliant and that our systems are working appropriately. Our consultation procedure (Appendix C) acts as an information highway between management and employees, so that if any changes are required they can be made, documented and then implemented into the system.We use the consultation processes with all stakeholders that are involved in our OHSMS, these include but are not limited to: †¢Management †¢Administration †¢Clients †¢Employees †¢Suppliers †¢Unions †¢Work cover and other relevant authorities †¢Insurers †¢Public †¢OHS and technical experts All information gathered from stakeholders is considered and used in the development of our systems, policies and procedures. The applied procedures that our company has in place allow us t o constantly monitor and evaluate our performance.Daily toolbox discussions, training, weekly meetings, management meetings, safety audits and safety checklists (Appendix D) are some of the tools we use to monitor and evaluate. Major policies are reviewed every 2-3 years or as required. The nature of our work requires that we retain specific records for specified times in order to comply with legislation. These include: Confined space entry- we retain entry permits for 1 month, risk assessments/JSA for 5 years, training records for the term of employees employment plus 7 years and any notifiable incidents for 2 years after the incident occurs.Health monitoring records- these must be kept for 30 years after they are recorded and 40 years for asbestos related documents. These records must be kept confidential. Hazardous chemicals register- we keep registers of any chemicals that are stored. We list them and keep material safety data sheets, which are readily available to employees or anybody that could be affected by the chemical. We have two methods of record keeping, hard copy and electronic. All documents are kept on both. Within the electronic system we have a sub-system called Timberline.This system is passcode protected and has restricted access; all personal details and personal health records are kept in this system for confidentiality. Our OHS manager has access along with relevant management. Project files for each client are kept and updated after completion of each project. Documents included include attendance sheets, JSA’s, toolbox meetings, materials and equipment, inductions, training, client feedback, performance reports, safety audits and observations. Employee records such as inductions and qualifications are also kept and updated when needed.We also keep lists of OHS safety representatives and are readily accessible and up to date. OHS affects all aspects of an organisation. An effective OHS system allows other functional areas to thri ve and exploit the benefits. The reduction and elimination of work place injuries will reduce the cost of workers comp premiums, limit sick days and reduce the money spent on rehabilitation, all this eases the strain of budgeting systems and also allows more resources for training and information of OHS.Public relations will find it easier representing our positive results in safety and compliance to existing and future clients, public and relevant authorities. It will also reduce the workload of administration allowing them time to work on other aspects of the business. Our OHS system allows our employees to take an active role in all aspects in relation to the system. This gives them a sense of ownership and the drive to make sure that we reach and outperform our goals and objectives.

Top College Essay Outline Samples Reviews!

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Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Diabetes - 1398 Words

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It is also known as the 7th leading cause of death in the country in the recent years (MedicineNet.com, 2016). For a patient suffering from a chronic form of diabetes mellitus understanding how these mechanisms lead to the condition can be used as preventative measures. Potential consequences as well as the causes and clinical manifestations will ensure a better knowledge on the issue to monitor the condition. As a future health professional, one would have to become aware the potentialShow MoreRelatedThe Health Challenges Of Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Type 21613 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a chronic debilitating condition when not handled properly and it is a very costly disease thus it is one of the leading consumers of health care (Pereira, 2014). The main goal of treatment diabetes is to maintain carbohydrates specifically glucose to normal levels. 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